跌宕起伏的氯喹临床试验:从心脏毒性到论文撤稿
撰文 | 王功新 甘 蔚
责编 | 李 娟 陈晓雪
● ● ●
在《柳叶刀》撤稿声明的推特下,有评论质疑道:这种事情怎么可能发生?为何如此“重磅”结论的论文,在发表之前没有做更严格的审查?为什么从发表的第一天开始,许多科学家已经闻到了某种大骗局的味道?
鉴于《新英格兰医学杂志》在5月1日发表的一篇论文涉及利用Surgisphere的数据和新冠病毒疾病的研究,4月初发表的预印本论文也使用了Surgisphere 公司提供的数据。有评论对其他试验的可靠性表示怀疑:有多少类似的研究数据可靠性存疑,却还没有被发现?谁应该为这样的误导研究负责?
可以说,这一撤稿风波,再加上新冠疫情期间鱼龙混杂的研究,已经伤害到了科学家的公信力。
其结果显示,在目前用于类风湿关节炎等疾病的剂量下,短期使用羟氯喹是安全的;当联合给予阿奇霉素时,会导致QT间期(心跳速度快慢的一个指标,可通过心电图检测出来)延长,严重时会引起尖端扭转型心动过速,进而导致猝死,提示需谨慎联合用药。
研究者认为,羟氯喹在治疗新冠疾病中表现出致心律失常作用和较高的致死率可能由于:
1. 在新冠疾病的治疗中,氯喹和羟氯喹的使用剂量普遍高于类风湿关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮等的治疗剂量;
2. 阿奇霉素的使用进一步增强了氯喹、羟氯喹的致心律失常风险;
RECOVERY临床试验致所有试验研究者的信件截图,表明 “该试验将按照计划继续进行,不改变议定书,所有治疗部门仍然开放登记。” 图片来自:recoverytrial.net
作者简介
甘蔚,英国牛津大学人群健康系 遗传统计与流行病学研究员,创办《健康学人》公众号ID:healthcaresci”1. Retraction—Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis. June 4, 2020
2. https://www.thelancet.com/lancet/article/s0140673620313246
3. Mehra, M.R., et al., Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis. The Lancet, 2020.
4James Watson et al., An open letter to Mehra et al and The Lancet, May 28 2020: https://zenodo.org/record/3862789#.XtW0pzozYwG
5. The Lancet Editors, Expression of concern: Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis, The Lancet, June 03, 2020.
6. A mysterious company’s coronavirus papers in top medical journals may be unraveling. Sciencemeg.org, June 02.
7.Wang, M., et al., Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res, 2020. 30(3): p. 269-271.
8.Gautret, P., et al., Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2020: p. 105949.
9.Hinton, D., Food and Drug Administration. FDA Emergency use authorization (EUA) of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. . 2020, Food and Drug Administration.
10. Chloroquine diphosphate in two different dosages as adjunctive therapy of
hospitalized patients with severe respiratory syndrome in the context of
coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection: Preliminary safety results of a
randomized, double-blinded, phase IIb clinical trial (CloroCovid-19 Study). medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.07.20056424.t
11.Lane, J.C.E., et al., Safety of hydroxychloroquine, alone and in combination with azithromycin, in light of rapid wide-spread use for COVID-19: a multinational, network cohort and self-controlled case series study. medRxiv, 2020: p. 2020.04.08.20054551.
12.Madjid, M., et al., Potential Effects of Coronaviruses on the Cardiovascular System: A Review. JAMA Cardiol, 2020.
13.Wang, G., et al., Mechanistic insights into ventricular arrhythmogenesis of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19. 2020.
制版编辑 | 皮皮鱼
点击阅读原文,查看知识分子网站更多内容。